Health effects associated with exposure to intimate partner violence against women and childhood sexual abuse: a burden of proof study.

The health impacts of intimate partner violence against women and childhood sexual abuse are not fully understood. Here we conducted a systematic review by comprehensively searching seven electronic databases for literature on intimate partner violence-associated and childhood sexual abuse-associated health effects. Following the burden of proof methodology, we evaluated the evidence strength linking intimate partner violence and/or childhood sexual abuse to health outcomes supported by at least three studies. Results indicated a moderate association of intimate partner violence with major depressive disorder and with maternal abortion and miscarriage (63% and 35% increased risk, respectively). HIV/AIDS, anxiety disorders and self-harm exhibited weak associations with intimate partner violence. Fifteen outcomes were evaluated for their relationship to childhood sexual abuse, which was shown to be moderately associated with alcohol use disorders and with self-harm (45% and 35% increased risk, respectively). Associations between childhood sexual abuse and 11 additional health outcomes, such as asthma and type 2 diabetes mellitus, were found to be weak. Although our understanding remains limited by data scarcity, these health impacts are larger in magnitude and more extensive than previously reported. Renewed efforts on violence prevention and evidence-based approaches that promote healing and ensure access to care are necessary.

Prevalência de doenças não transmissíveis e fatores de risco em industriários de Minas Gerais / Prevalencia de enfermedades no transmisibles y factores de riesgo en industria de Minas Gerais / Prevalence of noncommunicable diseases and risk factors in industrials of Minas Gerais

Objetivo: estimar a prevalência de doenças e agravos não transmissíveis e seus fatores de risco em industriários de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Materiais e método: estudo transversal com dados secundários cedidos pelo Serviço Social da Indústria. As variáveis estudadas foram tabagismo, uso de álcool, inatividade física, alimentação inadequada, excesso de peso, doenças e agravos não transmissíveis referidos e autoavaliação da saúde. Calcularam-se as prevalências e as diferenças segundo sexo, faixa etária e escolaridade pelo teste x2 de Pearson. Na sequência, calcularam-se as razões de prevalência ajustadas pelas covariáveis por meio de regressão de Poisson. Resultados: foram estudados 34.072 trabalhadores. A prevalência de prática insuficiente de atividade física foi 75 %, consumo inade-quado de frutas 66 % e consumo regular de refrigerante ou suco artificial 42 %. O tabagismo foi relatado por 10 %, fumo passivo no ambiente de trabalho por 14 % e uso abusivo de álcool por 30 %. Dos trabalhadores, 55 % estavam acima do peso, 2 % referiram diabetes, 10 % hipertensão e 10 % colesterol elevado. Homens apresentaram maiores prevalências de alimentação inadequada e colesterol elevado, enquanto as mulheres apresentaram maior prevalência de sedenta-rismo, obesidade, hipertensão e colesterol elevado. Conclusões: os resultados mostram baixa prevalência de atividade física, alto consumo de alimentos não saudáveis e de sobrepeso, além de elevada prevalência de consumo abusivo de álcool entre trabalhadores das indústrias de Minas Gerais.

Objetivo: estimar la prevalencia de enfermedades no transmisibles y sus factores de riesgo en trabajadores industriales de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Materiales y método: estudio transversal con datos secundarios del Servicio Social de la Industria. Las variables estudiadas fueron tabaquismo, consumo de alcohol, sedentarismo, dieta inadecuada, sobrepeso, dolencias y enfermedades no transmisibles referidas y autoevaluación de la salud. La prevalencia y las diferencias según el sexo, la edad y la educación se calcularon mediante la prueba x2 de Pearson. Posteriormente, se calcularon las razones de prevalencia ajustadas por covariables mediante regresión de Poisson. Resultados: se estudió un total de 34.072 trabajadores. La prevalencia de actividad física insuficiente fue de 75 %, el consumo inadecuado de fruta de 66 % y el consumo regular de refrescos o jugos artificiales alcanzó un 42 %. Además, 10 % de los participantes reportó el consumo de tabaco, 14 % afirmó ser fumador pasivo en el lugar de trabajo y 30 % reportó la ingesta excesiva de alcohol. De los trabajadores en la muestra, 55 % tenía sobrepeso, 2 % informó padecer de diabetes, 10 % de hipertensión y un 10 % adicional presentar colesterol alto. La población masculina reportó una mayor prevalencia de dieta inadecuada y colesterol alto, mientras que las mujeres presentaron mayor prevalencia de sedentarismo, obesidad, hipertensión y colesterol alto. Conclusiones: los resultados muestran baja prevalencia de la actividad física, elevado consumo de alimentos poco saludables y altas cifras de sobrepeso, así como una alta prevalencia del abuso de alcohol en los trabajadores del sector industrial de Minas Gerais.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of non-communicable diseases and their associated risk factors among industrial sector workers of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Materials and method: Cross-sectional study with secondary data provided by the Industry Social Service. The variables examined were tobacco use, alcohol use, physical inactivity, inadequate diet, overweight, non-communicable diseases referred, and self-assessment of health. Prevalence figures and differences were calculated using Pearson's chi-square test, according to sex, age group, and level of schooling. Following this, the prevalence ratio adjusted by all covariates was calculated using Poisson regression. Results: A total of 34,072 workers were studied. The prevalence of insufficient physical activity was 75 %, inadequate consumption of fruits reached 66 %, and the regular consumption of soft drinks or artificial juice was 42 %. Smoking was reported by 10 % of the participants, passive smoking in the workplace by 14 %, and alcohol abuse by 30 %. Of the workers in the sample, 55 % were overweight, 2 % reported diabetes, 10 % hypertension, and 10 % high cholesterol. Men presented a higher prevalence of inadequate diet, tobacco use, alcohol use, and overweight. Women presented greater physical inactivity, obesity, hypertension, and high cholesterol. Conclusions: Findings show a low prevalence of physical activity, high consumption of unhealthy foods, and high prevalence of obesity and alcohol abuse among the industrial workers of Minas Gerais.